随着俄国十月革命一百周年的临近，伦敦设计博物馆展出了当时苏维埃建筑师对新首都莫斯科的大胆展望与先锋设计，让我们一起欣赏、感怀一下吧。
苏维埃宫殿（Boris Iofan，1931年-1933年）
Palace of the Soviets, Boris Iofan, 1931-33
The best-known entry in the exhibition is Boris Iofan’s Palace of the Soviets. The veteran architect designed the project as the ultimate expression of Soviet dominance. Topped with a 100-metre-high statue of Lenin, the project was set to surpass the Empire State building in height. Construction started in 1937 but was terminated owing to the German invasion in 1941.
The interior of the palace, which was designed to house an administrative centre and a congress hall.
The steel frame of the palace was reused for fortification and bridges, and the foundations were turned into the Moskva pool, the world’s largest outdoor swimming pool, in 1958. In 1995, the cathedral that occupied the site and was knocked down on Stalin’s orders.
云中铁壁（El Lissitzky，1924年）
Cloud Iron,El Lissitzky, 1924
El Lissitzky created a series of eight lightweight horizontal skyscrapers to address Moscow’s problems of overcrowding and inadequate public transport.
The eight buildings were to directly connect office and living space on the upper floors with new tram and metro stations on the lower floors. Cloud Iron would have represented a move from the canvas to the real world for the designer and artist, but they were never built.
第一颗人造卫星纪念碑（Ivan Leonidov，1958年）
Monument to the first artificial earth satellite,Ivan Leonidov, 1958
A year earlier, the Soviet Union had launched Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite, triggering the space race with the US.
列宁研究中心（Ivan Leonidov，1947年-1948年）
Lenin Institute,Ivan Leonidov, 1947-48
This building was meant to help re-educate Moscow citizen as new soviets, possessing the qualities for the birth of a utopian society. The sphere was designed to enclose an auditorium, while the tower was to serve as as motorised book storage, and a powerful radio station would help it communicate with the rest of the world.
公社（Nikola Ladovsky，1920年）
Communal house,Nikola Ladovsky, 1920
The spiral structure of Ladovsky’s design emphasised the key Communist party themes of progress and communal living intended to revolutionise family structures.
重工业部（Vesnin兄弟，1934年）
Narkomtiazhprom, Vesnin brothers, 1934
The Vesnin brothers submitted this design to a competition in 1934. The Narkomtiazhprom was designed to house the people’s commissariat for construction and heavy industry, on the edge of Red Square.
工业区（Yakov Chernikov，1924年-1933年）
Industrial area with buildings and metal constructions, Yakov Chernikov, 1924-33
Graphic designer and architect Chernikov contributed many designs to the government, but they were frequently rejected for being too unusual and chaotic.
布景美术设计（Yakov Chernikov，20世纪20年代末）
Set design with concave surfaces, Yakov Chernikov, late-1920s
Between 1927 and 1933, Chernikov published a number of books that set out his ideas and illustrations. Although the collection was among the most innovative of its time, few of his designs were built.
建筑研究（Gustav Klutsis，1920年-1921年）
Architectural study,Gustav Klutsis, 1920-1921
The early works of Klutsis and his wife and collaborator Valentina Kulagina were revolutionary and utopian, before they were commissioned to further Stalin’s cult of personality
本文所有图片均来源于Design Museum, London
来源：卫报
原标题：Unbuilt Moscow: the 'new Soviet' city that never was – in pictures
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