关键词:像素化立面、特色开窗、L形的基本体量、色彩搭配
Childcare Centre Maria Enzersdorf, image courtesy MAGK illiz | Photo by Hertha Hurnaus
An influx and increasing birth rate in the community situated to the south of Vienna called for the creation of more, particularly state-of-the-art child care facilities. Therefore a competition tender submission for a new child care centre was issued in 2008. The existing 19th century ‘Gründerzeit’ school was to be extended by eight primary school classes, a after-school care club and a kindergarten with kitchen.
这个项目位于维也纳南部一个小城镇,由于外来人口的大量汇入以及快速增长的出生率,社区需要更多的公共服务设施,尤其是一流的儿童保育设施。因此,在2008年开启了关于新建一个儿童保育中心的投标竞赛。现存的建于19世纪的一所学校(‘Gründerzeit’ )将被扩建成一个由八个小学班级,一个课外活动中心以及一个带有厨房的幼儿园组成的综合项目。
Childcare Centre Maria Enzersdorf, image courtesy MAGK illiz | Photo by Hertha Hurnaus
The association of architects MAGK illiz won the competition and was awarded the tender.
The draft of the project team MAGK illiz breaks up the construction into L-shaped bodies which are interlaced in such a manner that different places and free spaces to play in and for learning are formed in the interstices. MAGk illiz建筑事务所赢得了这次竞赛并且中标。项目团队在方案初期就打破了传统的矩形体量,采用了“L形”的体量交错布置各种不同的功能用房。体量之间的空隙将作为课外活动的场所。
Childcare Centre Maria Enzersdorf, image courtesy MAGK illiz | Photo by Hertha Hurnaus
Good orientation and quick ways for children and adults are provided by a simple routing system between the functional areas of the two-floor ensemble.
建筑具有良好的朝向,两层高的主体建筑中为大人和儿童提供了便捷的交通。
Childcare Centre Maria Enzersdorf, image courtesy MAGK illiz | Photo by Hertha Hurnaus
The new main entrance to the school is also the assembly hall and connects the existing school building with the new building. The façade is developed as a ‘pixeled’ white envelope. Format and joining patterns of the “window pixels” meet the current utilisation needs whereby the rooms at the back can be interpreted from outside and the recall value of the individual building sections is enhanced. The façade surfaces alternate between smooth and rough plaster which, particularly in grazing light, creates a vivid impression.
学校的主入口既是会场的入口,同时也起着连接新老建筑的纽带作用。建筑的立面开窗设计就像是白色建筑表皮上的一个个像素点。这种“像素化”开窗的形式满足了室内的采光需求,同时室内用房的排布也在立面上得到一定程度的反映与强化。(译者注:可以理解为“形式随从功能”,也就是建筑的内部功能可以从外部得到一定程度的体现)这种立面表皮处理随着光滑和粗糙的灰泥灵活变化,尤其是在灯光的照射下给人留下生动的印象。
Childcare Centre Maria Enzersdorf, image courtesy MAGK illiz | Photo by Hertha Hurnaus
Unlike the high-contrast façade, the design of the interior rooms is characterised by varying, finely tuned colour and material combinations.
与高对比度的立面设计不同,室内用房的设计通过色彩与材质的微妙变化进行区分与联系。
Childcare Centre Maria Enzersdorf, image courtesy MAGK illiz | Photo by Hertha Hurnaus
The differing design of doors, cloakrooms and wall panels in an individual range of colour for each area of activity facilitates finding the way and increases their identification, particularly for the children. The cloakrooms of the children’s groups are covered in wood and meander like snails shells into private niches.
“Pixels” protrude into the corridors and from the façade; they are used by the children as nests to read and to cuddle up in. 不同活动区域的门、衣帽间和墙板都采用一定范围内不同的颜色进行区分,增强了这些区域的可识别性,方便儿童进行定位。幼儿共用的衣帽间被包裹在木材质中,就像蜿蜒进入私人壁龛的蜗牛壳。来自立面的“像素化”窗格突出到走廊,成为幼儿阅读和依偎的小巢。
Childcare Centre Maria Enzersdorf, image courtesy MAGK illiz | Photo by Hertha Hurnaus
All activity areas have green and free surfaces. The playground used for breaks turns into a climbing and adventure scenery by its dazzling orange rubber surface, the roof terrace with the smoothly concreted surface becomes a race course. Crèche and kindergarten form a common one to two floor patio which forms a settled pacified centre surrounded by play corridors, multi-purpose and action rooms. The colourful door and ventilation elements of the room-high glass façade allow for an event room to emerge which can be used flexibly. There is a two-floor loggia of a white-coated welded grid and coloured glass pain curtain to the west of the group rooms on the left, in front of the kindergarten. It complements the monolithic character of the building and is both a sunshade and fall-protection. Depending on the viewing angle, the façade appears anything from transparent to closed, from the interior, however, it embodies a protective second envelop, allowing the smallest children a glance into the greenery and conjures colourful spots of light in the room.
所有的活动区域都采用绿色的自由表面。用于休息的操场由于其耀眼的橘黄色橡胶表面而成为攀爬和“冒险”(译者注:指幼儿活动嬉戏)的绝佳场所。表面浇筑光滑混凝土的屋顶露台也是幼儿娱乐的好场所。托儿所和幼儿园之间形成了一个通高的庭院。整个庭院作为一个固定的安抚中心被游廊以及多功能活动用房环绕。色彩缤纷的门和可以通风的房间高的玻璃幕墙元素允许出现可以灵活使用的活动室。幼儿园前面是一个由白色栅格围护的两层长廊,组团式房间的西面是色彩丰富的玻璃幕墙。它(译者注:这里指得是玻璃幕墙和栅格的作用)补充了建筑的整体性,同时也是一种遮阳、防坠落的措施。由于视角不同,立面呈现出从透明到封闭的丰富样式。(译者注:这里指“像素化”开窗对室内的视野角度的影响),就内部空间而言,这是一种二次保护的措施,这将允许最为年幼的孩童可以(在安全的情况下)看到户外的绿化环境。同时,阳光透过窗格会在室内形成色彩绚丽的光斑。
Childcare Centre Maria Enzersdorf, image courtesy MAGK illiz | Photo by Hertha Hurnaus
The material and construction concept is characterised by the high standards imposed on ecological sustainability. To ensure the building period was speedy, the new construction was setup in a composite construction method with a solid core as storage mass and a prefabricated, high-insulation envelope of timber frame construction, of solid wood panel structure respectively.
The entire new building complies with passive house standards, the aim of which is greatest ease and comfort for the user at lowest possible operating costs. With an innovative ventilation concept it is possible to achieve a minimisation of costs with regard to the operating times of the mechanical ventilation. For this purpose the classrooms and group rooms are aired by transverse ventilation via acoustic slot openings across the corridor zones without noise from the corridor being transported into the classrooms. This concept also technically ensures that overheating in summer is prevented temperatures dropping at night. Thanks to efficient cost control the overall budget could also be used to redevelop and renovate the existing gym in the scope of this extension. Furthermore, the circulating strip lights could be renewed and provided with circumferential horizontal, partially movable sun protection louvers. 材料和施工方案的特点是对生态可持续性的高标准贯彻。为了确保工期迅速,新建筑采用了复合材料的新型施工方法。以坚实的核心作为质量中心,预制的、高绝缘的木材框架结构的白色板材,实木面板结构则分别设置。整个新建筑符合被动式用房标准,其目的是最大程度的方便用户,在满足舒适要求的前提下将运营成本降到最低。 由于采用了创新的通风方案,可以减少机械通风的运行时间从而降低运营费用。同时,教室等功能用房的通风送气是通过直接通向室外的声槽进行输送,从而避免了噪声传入室内。这项技术的实施还确保了室内夏天不会过热且晚上温度不会降得过快。由于对预算成本有效且全面的控制,结余资金也可以用来扩建改善现有的健身房。 此外,节能带形灯也可以被更新,并且安装周向水平的活动遮阳百叶窗。 Childcare Centre Maria Enzersdorf - Concept, drawing courtesy MAGK illiz
The childcare centre of MAGK illiz is characterised particularly sensitively by the traditional, small dimension structure of the surroundings. The broken building volume is so interlaced that it by no means competes with the environment.
Together with the existing classrooms, the new primary school, the crèche and the kindergarten form one of the largest childcare centres in Lower Austria after a mere period of three years needed for planning and building. 由于周边环境十分敏感,建筑在形式上采用了传统的小尺度建构,分散的体量绝不会与环境形成竞争。这个综合项目由已经存在的教室以及新建的小学、托儿所、幼儿园组成,整个项目从前期规划到后期施工仅仅花了三年时间。目前该项目已建设成为下奥地利州最大的保育中心。
Childcare Centre Maria Enzersdorf - Ground floor plan, drawing courtesy MAGK illiz
译者思考:
自己大二时也做过“幼儿园设计”,但是做得比较死板,其实,简单的体量也能做得很出彩。 立面的设计是一门很大的学问,这个项目的“像素化”立面一定能给我们许多的借鉴与启发。 欢迎大家谈谈自己对立面设计的感悟、困惑和心得? |